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# Net::SMTP.pm # # Copyright (c) 1995-2004 Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>. All rights reserved. # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. package Net::SMTP; require 5.001; use strict; use vars qw($VERSION @ISA); use Socket 1.3; use Carp; use IO::Socket; use Net::Cmd; use Net::Config; $VERSION = "2.31"; # Code for detecting if we can use SSL my $ssl_class = eval { require IO::Socket::SSL; } && 'IO::Socket::SSL'; my $nossl_warn = !$ssl_class && 'To use SSL please install IO::Socket::SSL'; sub can_ssl { $ssl_class }; @ISA = qw(Net::Cmd IO::Socket::INET); sub new { my $self = shift; my $type = ref($self) || $self; my ($host, %arg); if (@_ % 2) { $host = shift; %arg = @_; } else { %arg = @_; $host = delete $arg{Host}; } if ($arg{SSL}) { # SSL from start die $nossl_warn if !$ssl_class; $arg{Port} ||= 465; } my $hosts = defined $host ? $host : $NetConfig{smtp_hosts}; my $obj; my $h; foreach $h (@{ref($hosts) ? $hosts : [$hosts]}) { $obj = $type->SUPER::new( PeerAddr => ($host = $h), PeerPort => $arg{Port} || 'smtp(25)', LocalAddr => $arg{LocalAddr}, LocalPort => $arg{LocalPort}, Proto => 'tcp', Timeout => defined $arg{Timeout} ? $arg{Timeout} : 120 ) and last; } return undef unless defined $obj; ${*$obj}{'net_smtp_arg'} = \%arg; ${*$obj}{'net_smtp_host'} = $host; if ($arg{SSL}) { Net::SMTP::_SSL->start_SSL($obj,%arg) or return; } $obj->autoflush(1); $obj->debug(exists $arg{Debug} ? $arg{Debug} : undef); unless ($obj->response() == CMD_OK) { $obj->close(); return undef; } ${*$obj}{'net_smtp_exact_addr'} = $arg{ExactAddresses}; (${*$obj}{'net_smtp_banner'}) = $obj->message; (${*$obj}{'net_smtp_domain'}) = $obj->message =~ /\A\s*(\S+)/; unless ($obj->hello($arg{Hello} || "")) { $obj->close(); return undef; } $obj; } sub host { my $me = shift; ${*$me}{'net_smtp_host'}; } ## ## User interface methods ## sub banner { my $me = shift; return ${*$me}{'net_smtp_banner'} || undef; } sub domain { my $me = shift; return ${*$me}{'net_smtp_domain'} || undef; } sub etrn { my $self = shift; defined($self->supports('ETRN', 500, ["Command unknown: 'ETRN'"])) && $self->_ETRN(@_); } sub auth { my ($self, $username, $password) = @_; eval { require MIME::Base64; require Authen::SASL; } or $self->set_status(500, ["Need MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL todo auth"]), return 0; my $mechanisms = $self->supports('AUTH', 500, ["Command unknown: 'AUTH'"]); return unless defined $mechanisms; my $sasl; if (ref($username) and UNIVERSAL::isa($username, 'Authen::SASL')) { $sasl = $username; $sasl->mechanism($mechanisms); } else { die "auth(username, password)" if not length $username; $sasl = Authen::SASL->new( mechanism => $mechanisms, callback => { user => $username, pass => $password, authname => $username, } ); } # We should probably allow the user to pass the host, but I don't # currently know and SASL mechanisms that are used by smtp that need it my $client = $sasl->client_new('smtp', ${*$self}{'net_smtp_host'}, 0); my $str = $client->client_start; # We dont support sasl mechanisms that encrypt the socket traffic. # todo that we would really need to change the ISA hierarchy # so we dont inherit from IO::Socket, but instead hold it in an attribute my @cmd = ("AUTH", $client->mechanism); my $code; push @cmd, MIME::Base64::encode_base64($str, '') if defined $str and length $str; while (($code = $self->command(@cmd)->response()) == CMD_MORE) { @cmd = ( MIME::Base64::encode_base64( $client->client_step(MIME::Base64::decode_base64(($self->message)[0])), '' ) ); } $code == CMD_OK; } sub hello { my $me = shift; my $domain = shift || "localhost.localdomain"; my $ok = $me->_EHLO($domain); my @msg = $me->message; if ($ok) { my $h = ${*$me}{'net_smtp_esmtp'} = {}; my $ln; foreach $ln (@msg) { $h->{uc $1} = $2 if $ln =~ /(\w+)\b[= \t]*([^\n]*)/; } } elsif ($me->status == CMD_ERROR) { @msg = $me->message if $ok = $me->_HELO($domain); } return undef unless $ok; ${*$me}{net_smtp_hello_domain} = $domain; $msg[0] =~ /\A\s*(\S+)/; return ($1 || " "); } sub starttls { my $self = shift; $ssl_class or die $nossl_warn; $self->_STARTTLS or return; Net::SMTP::_SSL->start_SSL($self, %{ ${*$self}{'net_smtp_arg'} }, # (ssl) args given in new @_ # more (ssl) args ) or return; # another hello after starttls to read new ESMTP capabilities return $self->hello(${*$self}{net_smtp_hello_domain}); } sub supports { my $self = shift; my $cmd = uc shift; return ${*$self}{'net_smtp_esmtp'}->{$cmd} if exists ${*$self}{'net_smtp_esmtp'}->{$cmd}; $self->set_status(@_) if @_; return; } sub _addr { my $self = shift; my $addr = shift; $addr = "" unless defined $addr; if (${*$self}{'net_smtp_exact_addr'}) { return $1 if $addr =~ /^\s*(<.*>)\s*$/s; } else { return $1 if $addr =~ /(<[^>]*>)/; $addr =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//sg; } "<$addr>"; } sub mail { my $me = shift; my $addr = _addr($me, shift); my $opts = ""; if (@_) { my %opt = @_; my ($k, $v); if (exists ${*$me}{'net_smtp_esmtp'}) { my $esmtp = ${*$me}{'net_smtp_esmtp'}; if (defined($v = delete $opt{Size})) { if (exists $esmtp->{SIZE}) { $opts .= sprintf " SIZE=%d", $v + 0; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: SIZE option not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{Return})) { if (exists $esmtp->{DSN}) { $opts .= " RET=" . ((uc($v) eq "FULL") ? "FULL" : "HDRS"); } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: DSN option not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{Bits})) { if ($v eq "8") { if (exists $esmtp->{'8BITMIME'}) { $opts .= " BODY=8BITMIME"; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: 8BITMIME option not supported by host'; } } elsif ($v eq "binary") { if (exists $esmtp->{'BINARYMIME'} && exists $esmtp->{'CHUNKING'}) { $opts .= " BODY=BINARYMIME"; ${*$me}{'net_smtp_chunking'} = 1; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: BINARYMIME option not supported by host'; } } elsif (exists $esmtp->{'8BITMIME'} or exists $esmtp->{'BINARYMIME'}) { $opts .= " BODY=7BIT"; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: 8BITMIME and BINARYMIME options not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{Transaction})) { if (exists $esmtp->{CHECKPOINT}) { $opts .= " TRANSID=" . _addr($me, $v); } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: CHECKPOINT option not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{Envelope})) { if (exists $esmtp->{DSN}) { $v =~ s/([^\041-\176]|=|\+)/sprintf "+%02x", ord($1)/sge; $opts .= " ENVID=$v"; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: DSN option not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{ENVID})) { # expected to be in a format as required by RFC 3461, xtext-encoded if (exists $esmtp->{DSN}) { $opts .= " ENVID=$v"; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: DSN option not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{AUTH})) { # expected to be in a format as required by RFC 2554, # rfc2821-quoted and xtext-encoded, or <> if (exists $esmtp->{AUTH}) { $v = '<>' if !defined($v) || $v eq ''; $opts .= " AUTH=$v"; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: AUTH option not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{XVERP})) { if (exists $esmtp->{'XVERP'}) { $opts .= " XVERP"; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: XVERP option not supported by host'; } } carp 'Net::SMTP::recipient: unknown option(s) ' . join(" ", keys %opt) . ' - ignored' if scalar keys %opt; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::mail: ESMTP not supported by host - options discarded :-('; } } $me->_MAIL("FROM:" . $addr . $opts); } sub send { my $me = shift; $me->_SEND("FROM:" . _addr($me, $_[0])) } sub send_or_mail { my $me = shift; $me->_SOML("FROM:" . _addr($me, $_[0])) } sub send_and_mail { my $me = shift; $me->_SAML("FROM:" . _addr($me, $_[0])) } sub reset { my $me = shift; $me->dataend() if (exists ${*$me}{'net_smtp_lastch'}); $me->_RSET(); } sub recipient { my $smtp = shift; my $opts = ""; my $skip_bad = 0; if (@_ && ref($_[-1])) { my %opt = %{pop(@_)}; my $v; $skip_bad = delete $opt{'SkipBad'}; if (exists ${*$smtp}{'net_smtp_esmtp'}) { my $esmtp = ${*$smtp}{'net_smtp_esmtp'}; if (defined($v = delete $opt{Notify})) { if (exists $esmtp->{DSN}) { $opts .= " NOTIFY=" . join(",", map { uc $_ } @$v); } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::recipient: DSN option not supported by host'; } } if (defined($v = delete $opt{ORcpt})) { if (exists $esmtp->{DSN}) { $opts .= " ORCPT=" . $v; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::recipient: DSN option not supported by host'; } } carp 'Net::SMTP::recipient: unknown option(s) ' . join(" ", keys %opt) . ' - ignored' if scalar keys %opt; } elsif (%opt) { carp 'Net::SMTP::recipient: ESMTP not supported by host - options discarded :-('; } } my @ok; my $addr; foreach $addr (@_) { if ($smtp->_RCPT("TO:" . _addr($smtp, $addr) . $opts)) { push(@ok, $addr) if $skip_bad; } elsif (!$skip_bad) { return 0; } } return $skip_bad ? @ok : 1; } BEGIN { *to = \&recipient; *cc = \&recipient; *bcc = \&recipient; } sub data { my $me = shift; if (exists ${*$me}{'net_smtp_chunking'}) { carp 'Net::SMTP::data: CHUNKING extension in use, must call bdat instead'; } else { my $ok = $me->_DATA() && $me->datasend(@_); $ok && @_ ? $me->dataend : $ok; } } sub bdat { my $me = shift; if (exists ${*$me}{'net_smtp_chunking'}) { my $data = shift; $me->_BDAT(length $data) && $me->rawdatasend($data) && $me->response() == CMD_OK; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::bdat: CHUNKING extension is not in use, call data instead'; } } sub bdatlast { my $me = shift; if (exists ${*$me}{'net_smtp_chunking'}) { my $data = shift; $me->_BDAT(length $data, "LAST") && $me->rawdatasend($data) && $me->response() == CMD_OK; } else { carp 'Net::SMTP::bdat: CHUNKING extension is not in use, call data instead'; } } sub datafh { my $me = shift; return unless $me->_DATA(); return $me->tied_fh; } sub expand { my $me = shift; $me->_EXPN(@_) ? ($me->message) : (); } sub verify { shift->_VRFY(@_) } sub help { my $me = shift; $me->_HELP(@_) ? scalar $me->message : undef; } sub quit { my $me = shift; $me->_QUIT; $me->close; } sub DESTROY { # ignore } ## ## RFC821 commands ## sub _EHLO { shift->command("EHLO", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _HELO { shift->command("HELO", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _MAIL { shift->command("MAIL", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _RCPT { shift->command("RCPT", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _SEND { shift->command("SEND", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _SAML { shift->command("SAML", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _SOML { shift->command("SOML", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _VRFY { shift->command("VRFY", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _EXPN { shift->command("EXPN", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _HELP { shift->command("HELP", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _RSET { shift->command("RSET")->response() == CMD_OK } sub _NOOP { shift->command("NOOP")->response() == CMD_OK } sub _QUIT { shift->command("QUIT")->response() == CMD_OK } sub _DATA { shift->command("DATA")->response() == CMD_MORE } sub _BDAT { shift->command("BDAT", @_) } sub _TURN { shift->unsupported(@_); } sub _ETRN { shift->command("ETRN", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _AUTH { shift->command("AUTH", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } sub _STARTTLS { shift->command("STARTTLS", @_)->response() == CMD_OK } { package Net::SMTP::_SSL; our @ISA = ( $ssl_class ? ($ssl_class):(), 'Net::SMTP' ); sub starttls { die "SMTP connection is already in SSL mode" } sub start_SSL { my ($class,$smtp,%arg) = @_; delete @arg{ grep { !m{^SSL_} } keys %arg }; ( $arg{SSL_verifycn_name} ||= $smtp->host ) =~s{(?<!:):[\w()]+$}{}; # strip port $arg{SSL_hostname} = $arg{SSL_verifycn_name} if ! defined $arg{SSL_hostname} && $class->can_client_sni; $arg{SSL_verifycn_scheme} ||= 'smtp'; $arg{SSL_verify_mode} ||= IO::Socket::SSL::SSL_VERIFY_PEER(); my $ok = $class->SUPER::start_SSL($smtp,%arg); $@ = $ssl_class->errstr if !$ok; return $ok; } } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client =head1 SYNOPSIS use Net::SMTP; # Constructors $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('mailhost'); $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('mailhost', Timeout => 60); =head1 DESCRIPTION This module implements a client interface to the SMTP and ESMTP protocol, enabling a perl5 application to talk to SMTP servers. This documentation assumes that you are familiar with the concepts of the SMTP protocol described in RFC821. A new Net::SMTP object must be created with the I<new> method. Once this has been done, all SMTP commands are accessed through this object. The Net::SMTP class is a subclass of Net::Cmd and IO::Socket::INET. =head1 EXAMPLES This example prints the mail domain name of the SMTP server known as mailhost: #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w use Net::SMTP; $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('mailhost'); print $smtp->domain,"\n"; $smtp->quit; This example sends a small message to the postmaster at the SMTP server known as mailhost: #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w use Net::SMTP; $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('mailhost'); $smtp->mail($ENV{USER}); $smtp->to('postmaster'); $smtp->data(); $smtp->datasend("To: postmaster\n"); $smtp->datasend("\n"); $smtp->datasend("A simple test message\n"); $smtp->dataend(); $smtp->quit; =head1 CONSTRUCTOR =over 4 =item new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] ) This is the constructor for a new Net::SMTP object. C<HOST> is the name of the remote host to which an SMTP connection is required. C<HOST> is optional. If C<HOST> is not given then it may instead be passed as the C<Host> option described below. If neither is given then the C<SMTP_Hosts> specified in C<Net::Config> will be used. C<OPTIONS> are passed in a hash like fashion, using key and value pairs. Possible options are: B<Hello> - SMTP requires that you identify yourself. This option specifies a string to pass as your mail domain. If not given localhost.localdomain will be used. B<Host> - SMTP host to connect to. It may be a single scalar, as defined for the C<PeerAddr> option in L<IO::Socket::INET>, or a reference to an array with hosts to try in turn. The L</host> method will return the value which was used to connect to the host. B<SSL> - If the connection should be done from start with SSL, contrary to later upgrade with C<starttls>. You can use SSL arguments as documented in L<IO::Socket::SSL>, but it will usually use the right arguments already. B<LocalAddr> and B<LocalPort> - These parameters are passed directly to IO::Socket to allow binding the socket to a local port. B<Timeout> - Maximum time, in seconds, to wait for a response from the SMTP server (default: 120) B<ExactAddresses> - If true the all ADDRESS arguments must be as defined by C<addr-spec> in RFC2822. If not given, or false, then Net::SMTP will attempt to extract the address from the value passed. B<Debug> - Enable debugging information Example: $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('mailhost', Hello => 'my.mail.domain', Timeout => 30, Debug => 1, ); # the same $smtp = Net::SMTP->new( Host => 'mailhost', Hello => 'my.mail.domain', Timeout => 30, Debug => 1, ); # the same with direct SSL $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('mailhost', Hello => 'my.mail.domain', Timeout => 30, Debug => 1, SSL => 1, ); # Connect to the default server from Net::config $smtp = Net::SMTP->new( Hello => 'my.mail.domain', Timeout => 30, ); =back =head1 METHODS Unless otherwise stated all methods return either a I<true> or I<false> value, with I<true> meaning that the operation was a success. When a method states that it returns a value, failure will be returned as I<undef> or an empty list. =over 4 =item banner () Returns the banner message which the server replied with when the initial connection was made. =item domain () Returns the domain that the remote SMTP server identified itself as during connection. =item hello ( DOMAIN ) Tell the remote server the mail domain which you are in using the EHLO command (or HELO if EHLO fails). Since this method is invoked automatically when the Net::SMTP object is constructed the user should normally not have to call it manually. =item host () Returns the value used by the constructor, and passed to IO::Socket::INET, to connect to the host. =item etrn ( DOMAIN ) Request a queue run for the DOMAIN given. =item starttls ( SSLARGS ) Upgrade existing plain connection to SSL. You can use SSL arguments as documented in L<IO::Socket::SSL>, but it will usually use the right arguments already. =item auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ) Attempt SASL authentication. =item mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ) =item send ( ADDRESS ) =item send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ) =item send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ) Send the appropriate command to the server MAIL, SEND, SOML or SAML. C<ADDRESS> is the address of the sender. This initiates the sending of a message. The method C<recipient> should be called for each address that the message is to be sent to. The C<mail> method can some additional ESMTP OPTIONS which is passed in hash like fashion, using key and value pairs. Possible options are: Size => <bytes> Return => "FULL" | "HDRS" Bits => "7" | "8" | "binary" Transaction => <ADDRESS> Envelope => <ENVID> # xtext-encodes its argument ENVID => <ENVID> # similar to Envelope, but expects argument encoded XVERP => 1 AUTH => <submitter> # encoded address according to RFC 2554 The C<Return> and C<Envelope> parameters are used for DSN (Delivery Status Notification). The submitter address in C<AUTH> option is expected to be in a format as required by RFC 2554, in an RFC2821-quoted form and xtext-encoded, or <> . =item reset () Reset the status of the server. This may be called after a message has been initiated, but before any data has been sent, to cancel the sending of the message. =item recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ) Notify the server that the current message should be sent to all of the addresses given. Each address is sent as a separate command to the server. Should the sending of any address result in a failure then the process is aborted and a I<false> value is returned. It is up to the user to call C<reset> if they so desire. The C<recipient> method can also pass additional case-sensitive OPTIONS as an anonymous hash using key and value pairs. Possible options are: Notify => ['NEVER'] or ['SUCCESS','FAILURE','DELAY'] (see below) ORcpt => <ORCPT> SkipBad => 1 (to ignore bad addresses) If C<SkipBad> is true the C<recipient> will not return an error when a bad address is encountered and it will return an array of addresses that did succeed. $smtp->recipient($recipient1,$recipient2); # Good $smtp->recipient($recipient1,$recipient2, { SkipBad => 1 }); # Good $smtp->recipient($recipient1,$recipient2, { Notify => ['FAILURE','DELAY'], SkipBad => 1 }); # Good @goodrecips=$smtp->recipient(@recipients, { Notify => ['FAILURE'], SkipBad => 1 }); # Good $smtp->recipient("$recipient,$recipient2"); # BAD Notify is used to request Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs), but your SMTP/ESMTP service may not respect this request depending upon its version and your site's SMTP configuration. Leaving out the Notify option usually defaults an SMTP service to its default behavior equivalent to ['FAILURE'] notifications only, but again this may be dependent upon your site's SMTP configuration. The NEVER keyword must appear by itself if used within the Notify option and "requests that a DSN not be returned to the sender under any conditions." {Notify => ['NEVER']} $smtp->recipient(@recipients, { Notify => ['NEVER'], SkipBad => 1 }); # Good You may use any combination of these three values 'SUCCESS','FAILURE','DELAY' in the anonymous array reference as defined by RFC3461 (see http://rfc.net/rfc3461.html for more information. Note: quotations in this topic from same.). A Notify parameter of 'SUCCESS' or 'FAILURE' "requests that a DSN be issued on successful delivery or delivery failure, respectively." A Notify parameter of 'DELAY' "indicates the sender's willingness to receive delayed DSNs. Delayed DSNs may be issued if delivery of a message has been delayed for an unusual amount of time (as determined by the Message Transfer Agent (MTA) at which the message is delayed), but the final delivery status (whether successful or failure) cannot be determined. The absence of the DELAY keyword in a NOTIFY parameter requests that a "delayed" DSN NOT be issued under any conditions." {Notify => ['SUCCESS','FAILURE','DELAY']} $smtp->recipient(@recipients, { Notify => ['FAILURE','DELAY'], SkipBad => 1 }); # Good ORcpt is also part of the SMTP DSN extension according to RFC3461. It is used to pass along the original recipient that the mail was first sent to. The machine that generates a DSN will use this address to inform the sender, because he can't know if recipients get rewritten by mail servers. It is expected to be in a format as required by RFC3461, xtext-encoded. =item to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ) =item cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ) =item bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ) Synonyms for C<recipient>. =item data ( [ DATA ] ) Initiate the sending of the data from the current message. C<DATA> may be a reference to a list or a list. If specified the contents of C<DATA> and a termination string C<".\r\n"> is sent to the server. And the result will be true if the data was accepted. If C<DATA> is not specified then the result will indicate that the server wishes the data to be sent. The data must then be sent using the C<datasend> and C<dataend> methods described in L<Net::Cmd>. =item expand ( ADDRESS ) Request the server to expand the given address Returns an array which contains the text read from the server. =item verify ( ADDRESS ) Verify that C<ADDRESS> is a legitimate mailing address. Most sites usually disable this feature in their SMTP service configuration. Use "Debug => 1" option under new() to see if disabled. =item help ( [ $subject ] ) Request help text from the server. Returns the text or undef upon failure =item quit () Send the QUIT command to the remote SMTP server and close the socket connection. =back =head1 ADDRESSES Net::SMTP attempts to DWIM with addresses that are passed. For example an application might extract The From: line from an email and pass that to mail(). While this may work, it is not recommended. The application should really use a module like L<Mail::Address> to extract the mail address and pass that. If C<ExactAddresses> is passed to the constructor, then addresses should be a valid rfc2821-quoted address, although Net::SMTP will accept accept the address surrounded by angle brackets. funny user@domain WRONG "funny user"@domain RIGHT, recommended <"funny user"@domain> OK =head1 SEE ALSO L<Net::Cmd> =head1 AUTHOR Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com> =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 1995-2004 Graham Barr. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut